Racial Segregation Within The United States - 780 Words

The contemporary debate regarding the distinctive patterns of poverty among African Americans revolves around the question, â€Å"is it class or race that causes (and perpetuates) such misfortune of African Americans?† Scholars have looked at patterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Similarly, Reardon and colleagues conclude that residential segregation by income level occurs all across racial groups, but it is especially problematic poorer Blacks and Hispanics from their investigation of neighborhood income composition by household race and income at the turn of the 21st century. Thus, residential segregation by both class and race perpetuate structural disadvantages and misfortunes of African Americans in today’s American society. Massey and Denton explore how racial segregation in residence has caused the making of inner city ghettos and their perpetually poor residents, most of whom are African Americans. They argue that institutional racism in the housing market enacted by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), private loan and real estate institutions and actors, and white residentsShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641689 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended state and local laws that involved segregation, prohibiting legal discrimination based on ethnicity, color, race, sex, and religion. Now, after much time has passed, people can pose the question: how prominent is segregation in today’s society? In particular, Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, poses interesting dynamics concerning this question. For one, the city consistently has high crime and murder rates in specific areas, while other partsRead More21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race?1642 Words   |  7 Pages21st Century Segregation: Are We Still Divided by Race? Racial segregation was a concept that began in early history and is still prevalent in some societies today. It is often seen as a destructive forceful tactic of separating individuals based on their racial background. However, many new immigrants voluntarily choose to live in a segregated society. Segregation can be easily seen in certain communities where there is a concentration containing a particular racial group. The area where oneRead MorePlessy V. Ferguson And Brown V Board Of Education1359 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer to these questions. 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African American are not the only racial minority who has been treatedRead MoreSegregation Within The Housing Market843 Words   |  4 Pagesviewpoints?† Some argue that segregation within the housing market has been a devastating, long-term, issue for African Americans as a result of racial zoning due to income along with race, while others believe that the United States has indeed enforced policies to prevent blacks from obtaining and maintaining wealth to merge with white communities. My own view is that there is not an individual economic or political reason to link the issue of residential segregation, but a combination of both workingRead MoreProfessional Sports And The Civil Era945 Words   |  4 PagesProfessional sports were segregated in the United States, just like the rest of the country was during the 1940s, but between th e cooperation of two men the color barrier was broken in professional sports. The unwritten rule of not allowing blacks to play professional baseball had been standing since the 1880s. No professional sport in America at the time had any participating African Americans, yet many African Americans were participating in the Olympics. Famous African American olympians, suchRead MoreWage Gaps and Demographic Behavior1555 Words   |  7 Pages*Works Cited Not Included We examine the possible sources of the larger racial and ethnic wage gaps for men than for women in the U.S. Specifically, using a newly created employer-employee matched data set containing workers in essentially all occupations, industries, and regions, we examine whether these wage differences can be accounted for by differences between men and women in the patterns of racial and ethnic segregation within occupation, industry, establishments and occupation-establishment cellsRead More Plessy vs. Ferguson Essay examples1263 Words   |  6 PagesFerguson , a very important case of 1896 in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the legality of racial segregation. At the time of the ruling, segregation between blacks and whites already existed in most schools, restaurants, and other public facilities in the American South. In the Plessy decision, the Supreme Court ruled that such segregation did not violate the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. Th is amendment provides equal protection of the law to all U.S. citizensRead MoreThe Unequal Separation Of African Americans1453 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans as a whole agree that racial segregation has affected their chances of employment, residency, education and access to proper health facilities. Many have stories and experiences of being qualified for a job but being turned down for being African American. Several experiments have been conducted where an African American would attempt to view homes in diverse neighborhoods and be turned down and white co-workers or friends would call immediately after and be invited to come in.Read MoreThe Segregation Of African American Community1720 Words   |  7 PagesDespite nearly one hundred years passing since the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern States were still faced with the most distinct forms of racism. The so-called â€Å"Jim Crow† laws that were present in United States at the time, serve d to segregate blacks and whites from all aspects of public life, including schools, public transport and juries. Often faced with extreme right-wing terrorist groups such as the white supremacist Klu Klux Klan, many among the African American community

Women s Exercise, Weight Training And Nutrition - 982 Words

Jen Ferrugias Bikini Body work out is a 60 day downloadable work out program which as the name implies is designed to help women get that much vaunted Bikini Body. It is especially suited for women who are willing to make lifestyle changes and it helps them achieve this mostly through diet and exercise. It has been designed in such a way as to make it as easy as possible to follow and it comes with not only detailed explanations but also videos where Jen Feruggia demonstrates the required exercise work outs. Some of these border on cardiovascular training, weight training and nutrition. The program is roughly divided into four major parts. The first- a series of videos tagged Bikini Body Work out guide features Jen performing the exercises herself and gives tips on how followers can keep motivated and stay the course. The second part, called the Bikini Body Nutrition Guide contains information on healthy food choices that will assist you in achieving your goal of a bikini body shape. It is also supplemented with a shopping guide providing information that will enable women purchase the right foods for a healthy living. In fact besides this many people have attested to the fact that it was able to help them burn fat all day without stress. The Bikini Body Supplement Guide makes up the third arm of the bikini Body workout program. It advises and is full of tips on what women should and should not do in order to achieve that bikini body in a short space of time. Since byShow MoreRelatedLong Term Weight Loss Is The Desired End Result Following Gastric Bypass Surgery1424 Words   |  6 PagesLong-term weight loss is the desired end-result following gastric bypass surgery. However, this long-term goal is contingent upon lifestyle changes, including nutrition and exercise. More importantly, postoperative gastric bypass patients often have limited knowledge with regard to how to maximize weight loss. 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Key Principles Enshrined In The Shariah Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3654 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The key principles enshrined in the Shariah which shape the way Islamic finance has evolved are riba, gharrar, maisir and haram. The Quran categorically prohibits the giving or receiving of interest, regardless of the purpose for which the loan is made and regardless of the rate of interest charged. Although there is consensus among the Muslim scholars that riba is banned, some controversy exists over what the concept actually is,  [2]  and consequently what financial transactions are prohibited.  [3]  Dr Siddiqui in his book on Islamic banking attempts to resolve the issue when after examining and debating on the true nature of riba he reaches the conclusion that bank interest in all its forms and intent is riba.  [4] In Islam, to be entitled to a permissible return, money should be invested through the purchase and sale of tangible assets, and income streams should be derived from the economic use of those assets.  [5]  Heavy reliance is placed upon the existence of physical assets in contracts  [6]  so as to avoid riba, as well as gharar. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Key Principles Enshrined In The Shariah Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This prohibition of riba is the core difference between Islamic Banking and conventional banking. Islamic banking is primarily an equity based system featuring zero based interest rates, equity participation, joint ventures, and mutual funds and leasing. The way that it differs itself from conventional banking is through the replacement of interest rate mechanisms with profit and loss sharing models i.e. mudarabah and musharaka, and other interest free instruments such murabaha, bai istisna, bai salam, ijarah. These all enhance the practical scope of Islamic finance and enable better risk management and diversification. Depositors in Islamic banks play a major role in the financing used by banks as not only do they share in the banks profits made but they also share in the losses as their deposits are not guaranteed. Profit and Loss instruments i.e. mudaraba and musharaka are contractual agreements between two or more parties based on the notion of no fixed rate of return for t he borrower but rather a share in the profits of the venture or if the case may be the liability for the losses of the venture. Both PLS instruments can be used for short term, medium term and long-term projects. Mudarabah, although not based on shariah sources but rather on darrura (necessity) is a means of providing capital to entrepreneurs known who are then known as the mudarib, to go ahead with a project. It can be between the Islamic bank and an individual or a multinational corporation. It is in essence a silent partnership where the partner providing the capital is silent. The Islamic Bank being Rab al mal (financial provider) enters a contract with the mudarib in which he forwards a sum of money to the mudarib to utilise his skills and labour, while having no involvement at all in the management of the project. The mudarabah can be restricted, which is where the Rab al Mal has the right to specify the line of business for the mudarib to work within or specific projects. An unrestricted Mudarabah is where the mudarib has the right to choose any line of business that he wishes without the interference of rab al mal. The Rab al mal, in return for the financing provided does not receive a fixed return but a fixed share of the profits, which are agreed upon by both parties in the contract stage. The financial loss is solely incurred by the Islamic bank. The bank losses the capital invested with the Mudarib as well as the future expected cash flow from the profits gained, whereas the mudarib only loses his time and effort. The risk is therefore all the banks to bear and as a result they have to stringent in the procedure adopted to screen entrepreneurs and the measures taken to ensure a low risk and high return. Musharaka is a hybrid of sharikat and mudarabah, combining the act of investment and management. They are partnerships, where two or more people combine either their capital or labour or even reputations to form a business in which all the partners share in both the profits and the losses in predetermined ratios which reflect their share of input into the business either through the capital invested or the labour and time put in. They all also are liable for the losses in proportion to the capital they put in. Every partner has a right but not a duty to partake in the management of the business. An agreement can be reached for the partnership to be a silent partnership, with only one person managing the business and the rest taking no part in management, but still entitled to his share of the profit. Each and every partner in the musharaka is both the agent and guarantor of the other. There is also a Diminishing musharaka which is used for large assets such as property or machinery. Diminishing musharaka involves both an ijara agreement and a musharaka agreement . The borrower along with a bank purchase a property jointly, with the share in the property reflecting the amount put forward. The borrower at the same time enters into a ijara agreement to rent the banks share of the property. So the borrower owns his share and rents the banks share. Both the amount repaid under the diminishing musharaka agreement and the amount paid under the lease agreement are amalgamated. This is then used to calculate how much of the property owned by the bank the borrower has purchased through monthly instalments. At the end of the agreements, the bank will pass the title of ownership to the borrower after a single and last payment after which the borrower owns 100% of the property. There are two types of risk associated specifically with PLS contracts. One is the risk of the investment itself, the risk of rate of return, while the other is the risk associated with the moral conduct of the entrepreneur and his integrity. The first can be minimised through strict practices of selecting potential investments and calculating the risk and profit potential. But it cannot be fully eradicated. The second stems from t he existence of imperfect markets and asymmetric information. Islamic scholars and jurists consider PLS to be a centre pillar in Islamic financing, which it was during the early stages of the emergence of the Islamic financial markets. However, sampling from ten Islamic banks during 1994-1996, show that the percentage weight of musharakah and mudarabah in the total activities was only 7% each, with murabaha, a non-PLS method claiming 70% of the total financing  [7]  . The reason for this being that Islamic banks made considerable losses and as a result have almost completely stopped using PLS methods of financing. This is due to more than just one factor, but the most dominant are the effects of asymmetric information on the relationship between the bank and the customer and the detrimental effects that this has on the profits made by the bank. The first problem encountered by the Islamic bank, is the adverse selection problem. Islamic banks as we know do not operate with interest but instead use profit sharing schemes, where they are entitled to a specific predetermined share of a projects profit. Potential borrowers have inside information about their activities and intent and their prospective projects likelihood of success that the bank cannot verify easily. Due to the nature of PLS contracts, Islamic banks will attract applicants with inside knowledge that their project is highly risky, and borrowers who will inflate their declared profit expectations in the hope of being quoted a lower profit-sharing ratio by the bank.  [8]  As a result, the rate offered by banks rather than being tailored to specific projects is averaged out to minimise losses. The low risk and high profit projects refuse to pay what in effect is a higher rate for them due to their low risk and as a result do not enter into the market at all leaving only low risk projects for the banks to invest with. Once the borrower has been transferred the funds needed for the speci fic project, the bank has limited control over the funds and how they are used. With unrestricted mudaraba the mudarib has complete discretion to do with the money as he wishes. The mudarib, once given access to the funds can potentially undertake riskier projects without the banks knowledge, indulge in perquisites and mislead the bank about profits earned, leading him to have more information than the bank. This is essentially a moral hazard problem. The third and most significant problem arises as a direct result of the corporate relationship between the management of a project and owners, which is attributed as a major cause of the lack of PLS contracts being practised by Islamic banks. Once the contract has been entered into by both parties, the mudarib as manager and agent not only has no incentive to act in the banks best interest as principals but also has a disincentive to do so. This immorality and lack of integrity impose risks on the bank and their bottom line. The age ncy problem, as this is, is essentially the conflict of interests that arise between the manager and the owners. The principal as owner engages the agent as a manager to act on his behalf in the day to day management and long term success of the company, and as such, expects the agent to act in the principals best interest as financier/owner of the company. However, the mudaraba contract as a silent partnership inherently limits the control rights of the financier, while they are exposed to the financial risk of the project. Due to the nature of the agents role as manager of the company, he is privy to information that the principal is not, thus has an advantage over the principal. Here, the borrower acting as the agent has the incentive to deceive the principal with regards to profits earned. Because the principal has a predetermined fixed share (although uncertain), by manufacturing lower profits statements or even showing no profits at all the mudarib can keep 100% of the profits and offer the rab al mal nothing in return for its financing. They can also deflate the profits earned by taking excessive perks or extra leisure, empire building or resorting to accounting subterfuges to disguise the deceit. Islamic banks would have to incur costly monitoring expenses to ascertain whether the declared profits are a true reflection of the activities of the projects or not. This argument is based on the idea that parties to a business transaction will shirk if they are compensated less than their marginal contribution in the production process, and as this happens in the case of PLS, the capitalists hesitate to invest on PLS basis.  [9] Firstly, Islamic banks lack the regulatory frameworks and tools needed in order to successfully assess the risk profile of each borrower and determine whether they are a viable investment to avoid the adverse selection problem. Secondly, the costs that would be incurred to monitor the borrowers activities and finances outweigh a ny possible gain from the project and prohibit the bank from conducting any monitoring activity. Barring any of these problems Islamic banks still face other issues such as taxation and poor accounting standards which limit the success of these banks. Any attempts to re-establish PLS methods of finance would be met with great opposition especially by the customers of the banks who would almost immediately withdraw their deposits due to the fear that the bank will lose the money through the PLS modes. To avoid the problems of asymmetric information and to subdue the worries of the depositors the Islamic banks need to utilise other permissible Islamic finance modes such as ijara and trade based financing. Explain carefully how Islamic banks may mitigate the effects of moral hazard and agency costs in practice and compare Islamic banks strategies with those used by conventional banks. Islamic banks as mentioned before have made considerable losses through the use of PLS instruments in the past mainly due to the problems associated with asymmetric information. These problems being, adverse selection before the contract is agreed upon and both moral hazard and the agency problem after the funds have been extended. Due to the impact these losses have had on the finances of the Islamic banks, they have resorted to using other less risky means of Islamic financing such as ijara contracts. In Malaysia PLS instruments only account for 0.5% of Islamic bank financing, and this is the case across many other countries in the Middle East.  [10] Islamic banks have to some extent tried to mitigate the problems that have arisen from the PLS contracts but none the less they have not been successful in limiting the losses incurred. Conventional Banks are prone to the same problems, although not as poignant as the Islamic banks because the musharaka contracts are mainly equi ty based, but regardless, they have managed to minimise the risks associated with financing in a way that the Islamic banks cannot compete with. In order to rectify the markets and attract the high profit low risk project associated with the contracts, the bank has to individualise its rates but it then faces the problem of trying to screen potential projects. This in itself is extremely difficult for a bank to do in an imperfect market where information asymmetries exist. Barring this the bank is left with the only other alternative, which is to not extend credit to anyone at all which would have a devastating effect on the banks profit. The bank can to some extent avoid this final situation by negotiating different rates with each individual potential mudarib based not only on the risk associated with the project but also additional signalling devises that low risk persons can use in order to prove to the bank that they are indeed low risk. The first problem addressed was th e adverse selection problem. Being able to distinguish between the high quality low risk borrowers and low quality high risk borrowers is essential to a bank in order to eliminate the potential problems that can occur once the contract is undertaken, such as the borrowers inability to pay and the complete failure of the project. Conventional banks have successfully minimised the risks of adverse selection through techniques of initial screening and guarantees of finance. Banks decide who to make loans to based on the borrowers credit worthiness. They use the borrowers financial statements and other public information they can access such as the value of the borrowers assets, as well as using the borrowers credit rating obtained through other specialised companies. They also use the private information they may hold if they have done business with the borrower in the past. They have established an effective and cost reducing standard screening method that applies to most cases. Th ey also have standardised contracts and do not need to tailor each contract to the individual borrower. Restrictive covenants are also used and dictate who the funds go to specifically, when they can be used and for what. Using all the information gained from screening they forecast and value the borrowers probability of default and potential profitability. Alongside screening, banks also require the borrower to offer collateral for the loan. This guarantees that if the borrower defaults on the loan the bank can seize the collateral and sell it to regain the capital lost. The bank also has to do its due diligence in checking up on the borrower and valuating the project and potential cash flow stream. Islamic banks have more to lose from the problems of adverse selection than conventional banks and as a result need to put more effort into screening potential borrowers. Islamic banks initially apply a moral and ethical screen, which screens the business of the borrower and the prod ucts to make sure that they are shariah compliant which comes at a very high cost. Once it is established that they are shariah compliant the Islamic bank can then screen the borrowers finances. Screening imposes a great cost on the firm, the cost of information, which to some extent can be lowered by implementing a more efficient and effective standard screening system which the conventional banks have done. After the preliminary screening the bank has to do its due diligence in investigating the borrowers financial plan for the proposed project to ensure that the estimates are correct, the business strategy and management are capable of producing the profits expected and that the project itself is viable. Then the bank can value the net present value of the project and calculate the rate of return needed to compensate it for the risk taken. This is not only costly but, both the screening and the due diligence take considerable time and resources. There are 2 solutions for the m oral hazard issue, monitoring and control of the borrower. Through the PLS contract itself the Islamic bank can impose penalties on the borrower for non compliance or bad behaviour that jeopardises the banks profits. This would entail placing restrictive covenants in the contract itself to prohibit the borrower from conducting certain and to legally allow the bank to act to protect its own interests. However in order to enforce these penalties and covenants the Islamic bank has to effectively monitor the borrowers behaviour and financial actions. The cost of monitoring is high and ongoing throughout the entire length of the contract between the bank and the borrower and therefore uses a substantial amount of resources and time. For both Islamic and conventional banks, U.K. regulations for companies under the Companies Act 2006 require public companies to submit annual financial reports of the company which can be viewed by everyone. These reports include the firms financial accou nts. This enables the banks in the UK at least to have easier access to the information needed to assess the financial welfare of the borrower. There is similar regulation in place across the European Union and U.S.A. however, countries where Islamic banks are the norm i.e the Middle East and South-East Asia have little if not any regulation for companies, which makes it even more difficult to screen and monitor borrowers. Conventional banks primarily use a combination of incentive contracts, monitoring and collateral as mechanisms to align the interests of the borrowers and the lender. However, the use of collateral in Islamic banks is limited due to the nature of Islamic instruments. PLS instruments are collateral free instruments due to the equity nature of them. Islamic banking itself also to some extent relies on the moral and ethical standards that Islam itself places on people. Professor Rodney Wilson argues that there is a higher level of trust between Islamic banks and t heir clients than is the case with conventional banks and hence the moral hazard risks are less.  [11]  Higher levels of trust reduce risk and uncertainty that banks face. The agency problem is the most detrimental problem that Islamic banks face with PLS contracts. Islamic banks are affected on both the asset side and liability side. The principal-agent problem is essentially the conflict of interest of managers and shareholders, which causes the manager to shirk effort and indulge in perquisites and damage shareholder value. Therefore, a standard contract that aligns both these interests and covers all possibilities is the best way to mitigate the agency problem. Monitoring has to also be used in conjunction with the contracts to ensure that the asymmetric information is not exploited and that the terms of the contract are adhered to. Without monitoring it would be impossible to implement or enforce any contractual obligations on the borrower. Islamic banks have implemen ted alternative PLS contracts where the banks share of profits is altered. The borrower keeps 100% of the profit until the profit reaches a certain limit, after this the bank receives it predetermined share of profits, which essentially makes this a debit like instrument. This has been done in Malaysia in the Bank Muamalat and has had great success. The debt contract with deterministic monitoring (in case of default) (Diamond, 1984) or stochastic monitoring (Townsend, 1979) has been shown to be optimal for financial intermediation between a large number of savers and a large number of entrepreneurs.  [12]  Although Townsend has shown that stochastic monitoring, that is monitoring and verification is done in a random way. He has shown that not only does this limit the costs associated with monitoring but also creates an incentive for honesty on the part of the borrower.  [13] Monitoring of the borrower is an essential part of guaranteeing returns. Monitoring can be done t hrough investigating the borrowers financial situation through financial statements and annual reports. The borrower has a contractual duty to provide the Islamic bank with financial reports. Islamic banks can also impose a member of their bank (usually a bank manager) as a director over the borrower. This allows the bank much greater access to the borrowers financial information and enables easier and more effective monitoring and control of activities. Advocates of Islamic banking, therefore argue that a primary advantage of PLS banking is that it leads to a more efficient allocation of capital because the return on capital and its allocation depend on the productivity and viability of the project.  [14]  However, Islamic banks lack the regulatory framework and structure to be able to achieve this efficiency and are constantly being overcome by asymmetric information problems. Even if banks were to now try and adopt the PLS methods again with the solutions to counter the pr oblems faced in the past, the depositors would almost immediately withdraw funds. The depositors do not trust banks who conduct PLS banking unless the legal framework to protect both them and the bank was implemented and regulatory and supervisory structure for companies is put in place. This is especially the case in the under developed Muslim countries were company law and regulatory bodies are few.

Change Brought About by the Womens Movement - 1651 Words

The Changed of the Women’s Movement that Causes Little Change The women’s movement of the 1960s and 1970s was a movement was a movement that led to their equality and rights. American women were limited from family life to workplace and were expected to follow one path. They are a capable of anything, but they were discriminated against male because they were thought to have no potential for working. Even though women weren’t equal as men, the women’s movement helped lead them to equality because they wanted equal pay for work, no discrimination and access to birth control. From the 1800s to 1900s, women were campaigning for their equality because they wanted to be equal and be a part of the world. In 1840, the abolitionist movement questioned whether women should be equal or not. The American Anti-Slavery Society supported African American in full participation in the abolitionist movement while some american rejected it because they doesn’t want the slave to be apart of the movement.On July 1848, there was a Seneca Falls Convention, where women demanded for their right to vote. They protested the mistreated of women in social, economic, political, and religious life. In 1863 Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized a Women’s National loyal League to support and petition the thirteenth amendment that outlawed slavery (Strauss†. At the same years they campaign for full citizenships for women and people of colorShow MoreRelatedDescribing Canada1135 Words   |  5 Pagesis the point at which, a situation is clearly seen to undergo a change. Canada, as a growing nation, has encountered many defining moments throughout its history. During the twentieth century women of Canada have undergone numerous moments that brought about significant changes for themselves. The most prominent moments, which brought about the most change and significance are: the persons case of 1928, the womens liberation movement throughout the 1960s and 70s and the ratification of the TreatyRead MoreEffects of Social Movements650 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of Social Movements Social movements have changed the way that society is shaped and has impacted society in major ways. Where the civil rights movements brought a beginning to equal rights, the womens rights movements enhanced those rights in bringing about additional rights for women. In so doing, the social movements have allowed many people to come out of poverty levels and grow away from the powerlessness that poverty brings. According to Kenneth B. Clark, All human beings dependRead MoreThe Second Half of the Shaw Presidency982 Words   |  4 Pagesstrong connections to the Frances Willard and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) (Franzen, 2008). WCTU was the largest women’s organization in the United States during the 1900’s. Many joined the wealthy benefactors of NAWSA such as the leaders of the settlement houses, prison reform, and women socialites. During Shaw presidency a diverse range of women and men attended NAWSA conventions. In these conventions Shaw personally spoke about the issues beyond suffrage, such as opposition toRead MoreWomens Liberation Movement Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesWomens Liberation Movement Betty Friedan wrote that the only way for a woman, as for a man, to find herself, to know herself as a person, is by creative work of her own. The message here is that women need more than just a husband, children, and a home to feel fulfilled; women need independence and creative outlets, unrestrained by the pressures of society. Throughout much of history, women have struggled with the limited roles society imposed on them. The belief that women were intellectuallyRead MoreWomens Movement Of 1960s Essay1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe entire Women’s Movement in the United States has been quite extensive. It can be traced back to 1848, when the first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. After two days of discussions, 100 men and women signed the Declaration of Sentiments. Drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, this document called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. This gathering set the agenda fo r the rest of the Women’s Movement long ago (Imbornoni). OverRead MoreThe Struggle For Freedom And Equality1621 Words   |  7 Pagesof the time. The need for political freedom was a trend that started in the early 1840s and has not diminished since. The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in all elections. This granted all American women political freedom and started a movement to end prejudice against females. Before the amendment was ratified women were prohibited from jury service, public speaking, holding office, and attending college (Nineteenth Amendment 1). The 19th Amendment was one of the most influential turningRead MoreThe Issues Of Urban Poverty1197 Words   |  5 Pagespoverty still existed. Women in the 1960s established a conversion in women’s status, for instance, women entered the paid workforce. America experienced a growth of conservative movements, consequently, the 1960s would confront judgment for social ill, crime and drug abuse and d rug abuse as well as decline respect towards authority. In despite of crisis, America became a tolerant nation. The sixties are known as a decade of drastic change, rebellion, and backlash. Also, for the American individuals thatRead MoreEssay about Womens Movement of 1960s1284 Words   |  6 PagesThe entire Women’s Movement in the United States has been quite extensive. It can be traced back to 1848, when the first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. After two days of discussions, 100 men and women signed the Declaration of Sentiments. Drafted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, this document called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. This gathering set the agenda for the rest of the Women’s Movement long ago (Imbornoni). OverRead More`` The Best Protection Any Woman Can Have Courage Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The best protection any woman can have is courage† -Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The antebellum period was of rapid technological change and westward expansion. This time rose a belief of Manifest Destiny and the rise of abolitionism. The antebellum period brought out great change to the nation ;however, the greatest change was the change of social attitudes toward the women in this time period. Women started slowly emerging out of their traditional roles in a fight to eventually be seen as an equalRead More1.To What Degree Did The Feminist Movement Bring About1664 Words   |  7 Pages1. To what degree did the feminist movement bring about a shift in American society and culture? How does the film 9 to 5 comment on this shift? Compare and contrast 9 to 5, both in its production and content, to at least two other class films featuring women in the professional workplace. The feminist movement during the 1970s brought about a shift in American society and culture to a degree that allowed for several changes to occur. The film Nine to Five comments on this shift through its writing

Night By Elie Wiesel - 1661 Words

Night Sequel Proposal Night is an account of the Holocaust and persecution of the Jewish people, written by Elie Wiesel. Elie Wiesel wrote, â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky† (Night). Remembering the events of the Holocaust and the atrocities that occurred are a major theme of the book . The events of the Holocaust were unforgettable to Elie Wiesel and even on the first day, he saw children being burned. Throughout the book this is not the only atrocity that he saw.†¦show more content†¦It would compare the conditions in the camp to the conditions at the Nazi concentration camps. While these internment camps were far from the atrocities of the concentration camps, it is important they are known to readers. Through out Night, there are many references to hope that the Americans would rescue them, so a sequel would help to describe the events in the US during the war. The topics, themes, and plot of the sequel would supplement the information in Night and show what happened in the United States during World War II In the 30 s and 40’s, there was not the same technology as there is now, so some things were different in regards to spread of information. Most news was heard on the radio or newspaper, but most Japanese immigrants were poor and could not get a newspaper subscription. It often times took a few weeks for news to get across the world. Due to this old technology, many of these atrocities were unheard of by some average citizens in the United States. For this reason, some Americans saw no reason for the US to get involved because war had not been declared on the US.Soon after the news started spreading around, Japan launched a kamikaze attack on Pearl Harbor in the US military base in Hawaii. This caused many Americans to want the military to end the war. Another fact that caused this change was the axis declared war against the US. Japanese people became worried that persecution or deportation of Japanese was possible. ImmediatelyShow MoreRelatedNight by Elie Wiesel646 Words   |  3 PagesTen years after WWII, Elie Wiesel’s novel Night was published in 1955. Night describes â€Å"his memories of life inside four different Nazi death camps,† as he was one of the few Jews to survive the Holocaust during WWII (Sanderson). Wiesel’s autobiographical novel makes him â€Å"the best-known contemporary Holocaust writer and novelist,† and reveals the impact of the concentration camps on humanity and for the individual (Sibelman).As a negative Bildungsroman, Night depicts â€Å"a coming of age story in whichRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesNight is a first-hand account of life for Elie Wiesel as a young Jewish teenage boy living in Hungary and eventually sent to Auschwitz with his family. The moment his family exits the cattle car the horror of Auschwitz sets in. His mother and sisters become separated from him and his father immediately, their fate sealed. Elie stays with his father and right away a strang er is giving them tips on how to survive and stay together. Immediately told to lie about their ages, making Elie a little olderRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1372 Words   |  6 Pageselse† (Wiesel ix). Years after he was liberated from the concentration camp at Buchenwald, Elie Wiesel wrote Night as a memoir of his life and experiences during the Holocaust, while a prisoner in the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald. Scholars often refer to the Holocaust as the â€Å"anti-world†. This anti-world is an inverted world governed by absurdity. The roles of those living in the anti-world are reversed and previous values and morals are no longer important. Elie Wiesel portraysRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocau st specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbolRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words   |  5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1476 Words   |  6 PagesIn Night, by Elie Wiesel, one man tells his story of how he survived his terrible experience during the Holocaust. Wiesel takes you on a journey through his â€Å"night† of the Holocaust, and how he survived the world’s deadliest place, Auschwitz-Birkenau. Elie Wiesel will captivate you on his earth shattering journey through his endless night. Elie Wiesel’s book Night forces you to open your eyes to the real world by using; iron y, diction, and repetition to prove that man does have the capability toRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel809 Words   |  4 Pagespractically unbearable. Everyday you wake up with this feeling that you’re going to die; sometimes you don’t even fear this happening. In the book â€Å"Night† the author Elie Wiesel takes the reader to a place in time that they wouldn‘t ever want to journey to. He gives you a picture of the real gruesomeness and terrifying circumstances that came from the Holocaust. Wiesel tells of his time spent at the Auschwitz concentration camp, and then to Buchenwald. Though the book is only a little over one-hundred pagesRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel996 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand how deeply literal and symbolic the book entitled Night by Elie Wiesel is. The novel brings light to the reader about what the Jews faced while in the fire, hell and night; nonetheless, the author portrays each and every day during this year as a night in hell of conflagration. Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes. (Wiesel 20). When Wiesel arrived at the camp he counted the longest dreadful ten stepsRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel1636 Words   |  7 PagesElie Wiesel s Night chronicles his experience surviving in a concentration camp. He, along with every other Jew in his town, and many more throughout Europe, were sent to concentration camps for no fault of their own. Hitler, the fascist dictator of Germany and most of Europe, hated them because of their religion. He considered them a separate, inferior race and created the concentration camps to kill them all. Elie lost his mother, little sister, father, and nearly everyone he knew to these factoriesRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and nig ht. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night was written

Pop Culture Essay Example For Students

Pop Culture Essay For thousands of years, men and women around the world have gone to redundant lengths to change their natural appearance of their bodies in an attempt to make themselves feel more attractive, to get attention, to conform to new customs of their particular cultural group, to attract a mate or sex partner, to show of their wealth or social status, or to just make an outgoing statement about themselves. Is body art really a Pop Culture Essay? Our dissatisfaction with the human body and its covering is expressed in endless change. This results in the desire and adoption of a trend, these trends are shown through ways such as piercing, body painting, and tattoos, Body piercing has grown in popularity over the past five years especially among American teenagers who pierce just about anything that can be pierced: ears, noses, tongues, and navels. The most conventional form of piercing in the United States today is ear piercing, and it has become more mainstream for both sexes than it once was. Ear piercing can range from single hole in one or both ears to holes along the entire rim of the ear, but why has piercing become so popular? Given the name as Generation X youth today are known for being unable to follow a Normal Persons life and so express, and exaggerate their body until they feel comfortable, but being comfortable has become a bizarre competition, to see who can stretch their ear lobes the longest, or who has the most earrings too who has the craziest piercing, thus creating a mass trend in body piercing throught the worlds youth. Ear piercing struck America during the punk era, as a way of rebelling against parental figures and their ideas of good kids. And now during the 90s ear piercing has yet again became a popular culture, due to the influence of show business and their perspectives of beauty. Tattooing is probably the most popular form of body art in America today. The reason behind tattoos in society is to exaggerate the human body e.g. Intricate tribal armbands attract attention to mens biceps, and simple small designs attract attention to various parts of the female body especially on the lower part of the back and around the navel. The designs can be small and discreet or large and obvious. Many people prefer discreet designs that can be concealed for certain occasions. The reason for tattoos becoming such a pop culture is due largely to Hollywood films and TV celebrities. The professional wrestlers of the WWF (World Wrestling Federation) have not only become coarse, they have become body art fashion statements for our youth. Tattooed armbands, and Chinese lettering are seen so commonly that one would think that they are birthmarks. Although tattoos have become todays pop culture, tattooing has actually been practiced since the time of the ancient Egyptians. H.G Wells stated, In all ages, far back into prehistory, we find human beings have painted and adorned themselves In some cultures tattoos are considered a sign of maturity, or nobility. In the American culture tattoos are a sign of individualism and fashion. When most people think of body painting, the image that come to mind is more likely that of a Massai worrier. Yet we all paint our bodies for reasons of identification, ritual or beauty. Pop culture comes into body painting when we talk about cosmetics. A daily ritual for most women, consisting of early morning applying, afternoon touch ups and nighttime removal has become a necessity and addiction for most women today. Wearing cosmetics is undoubtedly the most prevalent type of body painting in the world. Its a multi-billion dollar industry, with an increasing male market as well. On the top level, makeup is used to cover up zits, scars or pimples. But on a deeper level, there are other reasons for using makeup. Some would argue makeup mania in American society is a product of the media, and that American men, women, and children are constantly presented with attractive images of models, movie stars, and musicians and desperately want to imitate the way they look. Bulge Essay These young musicians are at the top of their game and we put them there. They drove their way into our current pop culture .

Wrestling free essay sample

I am often asked the question, â€Å"What is it like to wrestle and why do wrestlers cut weight?† I usually can never fully answer the question. Most likely because I do not know why wrestlers cut weight. As a wrestler you think losing weight and wrestling in a smaller weight class will give you an advantage, but I’ve never seen the advantage. In fact, I answer that question by saying, â€Å"Imagine playing your sport, but with half the energy and strength and going all out for three, two minute periods.† Now, some wrestlers do not cut weight at all, or just a couple of pounds, but the majority of us know the feeling of cutting weight. The feeling that gives you mood swings like a woman with PMS. The feeling that you have no strength and energy left inside of you. Your cheeks suck in like you are making a fish face and your lips begin to chap. I explain that boys love me and look at me as their little sister and their biggest support system. The question I always get first after my explanation is â€Å"HOW DID THAT START?† They ask in a different form of shock than before. It is a simple story. As I started my seventh grade year, I was shaky and nervous about middle school and popularity. I met this lanky awkward boy with big ears and bright blue eyes. I watched throughout the year as he went from lanky to built and brawn. I was amazed at his transformation and enthralled. I finally decided to speak to him. So a few months past and we were inseparable, but things were changing. He did not start texting me until later and later at night. I asked him what was going on and he said he wrestled for the high school. That weekend I attended my first tournament in order to watch him. From then on, I was hooked. Like a majority of people that are awestruck about me working with the wrestling team, my parents were dumbfounded. They could only think of sweaty boys and violence. It took a while for them to realize that this was not me participating, but rather managing and gaining leadership. I am often asked if I have ever wrestled myself. Honestly, I could never bring myself to show that determination and dedication to one sport and risk all that they do. Yet, I keep finding myself protecting the sport from the misunderstandings that frame it. Because of this, I have become a major advocate for male and female equivalency. I express my views without reservation, and I have learned to take in the opinions other than my own. I am stronger, not physically, but mentally from this special activity. I have learned that gender is not a matter of who can do what, but how hard the person must work. I love wrestling, and I think wrestling loves me too.